300+ Academic Vocabulary hay gặp trong IELTS Reading

Khám phá danh sách hơn 300+ Academic Vocabulary ( từ vựng học thuật ) quan trọng thường gặp trong IELTS Reading. Nâng cao kỹ năng đọc hiểu và cải thiện điểm số IELTS của bạn với từ vựng chuyên sâu.

Giới thiệu

Trong kỳ thi IELTS Reading, bạn sẽ bắt gặp vô số từ vựng học thuật. Những từ này thường đến từ Academic Word List và trải rộng trên nhiều chủ đề như giáo dục, môi trường, công nghệ, xã hội… Nếu không chuẩn bị trước, thí sinh dễ mất điểm vì không hiểu ý chính đoạn văn.

Bài viết này tổng hợp 300+ từ vựng Academic IELTS thường gặp, được chia theo 12 chủ đề phổ biến. Mỗi từ đều có:

• IPA (UK/US)
• Nghĩa tiếng Việt
• Ví dụ IELTS context

Bạn hãy học dần 10–15 từ mỗi ngày để đạt hiệu quả cao nhất nha.

Education Vocabulary

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
1	acquire	/əˈkwaɪə(r)/ – /əˈkwaɪər/	verb	tiếp thu, lĩnh hội	Students can acquire knowledge both inside and outside the classroom.
2	curriculum	/kəˈrɪkjələm/ – /kəˈrɪkjələm/	noun	chương trình học	The national curriculum needs to be updated to meet modern demands.
3	literacy	/ˈlɪtərəsi/ – /ˈlɪtərəsi/	noun	khả năng đọc viết	Improving literacy rates is essential for economic development.
4	assessment	/əˈsesmənt/ – /əˈsesmənt/	noun	sự đánh giá	Continuous assessment can provide a more accurate measure of a student’s progress.
5	scholarship	/ˈskɒləʃɪp/ – /ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/	noun	học bổng	She was awarded a scholarship to study abroad.
6	compulsory	/kəmˈpʌlsəri/ – /kəmˈpʌlsəri/	adjective	bắt buộc	In many countries, education is compulsory until the age of 16.
7	discipline	/ˈdɪsəplɪn/ – /ˈdɪsəplɪn/	noun	kỷ luật / môn học	Teachers often struggle to maintain discipline in large classrooms.
8	academic	/ˌækəˈdemɪk/ – /ˌækəˈdemɪk/	adj/noun	học thuật / người nghiên cứu	The university is known for its strong academic programs.
9	enroll	/ɪnˈrəʊl/ – /ɪnˈroʊl/	verb	ghi danh, đăng ký học	More students choose to enroll in online courses nowadays.
10	pedagogy	/ˈpedəɡɒdʒi/ – /ˈpedəɡoʊdʒi/	noun	phương pháp giảng dạy	Innovative pedagogy can make learning more engaging for students.
11	tuition	/tjuˈɪʃn/ – /tuˈɪʃn/	noun	học phí	The tuition fees at top universities are very high.
12	graduate	/ˈɡrædʒuət/ – /ˈɡrædʒuət/	noun/verb	sinh viên tốt nghiệp / tốt nghiệp	Many graduates find it difficult to secure employment.
13	vocational	/vəʊˈkeɪʃənl/ – /voʊˈkeɪʃənl/	adjective	nghề nghiệp, hướng nghiệp	Vocational training prepares students for specific careers.
14	scholarly	/ˈskɒləli/ – /ˈskɑːlərli/	adjective	học giả, uyên bác	The article was published in a scholarly journal.
15	lecture	/ˈlektʃə(r)/ – /ˈlektʃər/	noun/verb	bài giảng / giảng dạy	The professor gave an inspiring lecture on modern history.
16	tutorial	/tjuːˈtɔːriəl/ – /tuːˈtɔːriəl/	noun	buổi hướng dẫn học tập	The university offers weekly tutorials for first-year students.
17	faculty	/ˈfækəlti/ – /ˈfækəlti/	noun	khoa / giảng viên	She belongs to the faculty of social sciences.
18	undergraduate	/ˌʌndəˈɡrædʒuət/ – /ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒuət/	noun	sinh viên chưa tốt nghiệp	The university has over 10,000 undergraduates.
19	postgraduate	/ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/ – /ˌpoʊstˈɡrædʒuət/	noun	học viên cao học	Many postgraduates pursue research careers.
20	literature	/ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ – /ˈlɪtərətʃər/	noun	văn học, tài liệu nghiên cứu	He reviewed the existing literature before writing his thesis.
21	plagiarism	/ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/ – /ˈpleɪdʒərɪzəm/	noun	đạo văn	Universities take plagiarism very seriously.
22	citation	/saɪˈteɪʃn/ – /saɪˈteɪʃn/	noun	trích dẫn	Proper citation is required in all academic papers.
23	syllabus	/ˈsɪləbəs/ – /ˈsɪləbəs/	noun	đề cương môn học	The syllabus includes both theory and practice.
24	institute	/ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ – /ˈɪnstɪtuːt/	noun	viện, học viện	He studied at a research institute in Germany.
25	qualification	/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ – /ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/	noun	bằng cấp, trình độ	A teaching qualification is required for this job.
26	expertise	/ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ – /ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz/	noun	chuyên môn	She has great expertise in linguistics.
27	mentor	/ˈmentɔː(r)/ – /ˈmentɔːr/	noun	người hướng dẫn	A mentor can guide students in their career choices.
28	disciplinary	/ˌdɪsəˈplɪnəri/ – /ˌdɪsəˈplɪneri/	adjective	thuộc về kỷ luật	The student faced disciplinary action for cheating.
29	attendance	/əˈtendəns/ – /əˈtendəns/	noun	sự tham dự, đi học	Regular attendance is crucial for academic success.
30	extracurricular	/ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələ(r)/ – /ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələr/	adjective	ngoại khóa	Extracurricular activities help students develop soft skills.

Environment Vocabulary

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
31	sustainable	/səˈsteɪnəbl/ – /səˈsteɪnəbl/	adjective	bền vững	Governments should invest in sustainable energy sources like solar and wind power.
32	emission	/ɪˈmɪʃn/ – /ɪˈmɪʃn/	noun	khí thải	Carbon emissions are the leading cause of climate change.
33	conservation	/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ – /ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/	noun	sự bảo tồn	Wildlife conservation is vital for maintaining biodiversity.
34	renewable	/rɪˈnjuːəbl/ – /rɪˈnuːəbl/	adjective	tái tạo (năng lượng)	Solar power is one of the most popular renewable resources.
35	ecosystem	/ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ – /ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/	noun	hệ sinh thái	Deforestation can damage the entire ecosystem.
36	deforestation	/diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ – /diːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/	noun	nạn phá rừng	Deforestation has led to the loss of habitats for many species.
37	pollution	/pəˈluːʃn/ – /pəˈluːʃn/	noun	ô nhiễm	Air pollution in big cities is becoming a serious problem.
38	biodiversity	/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ – /ˌbaɪoʊdɪˈvɜːrsəti/	noun	đa dạng sinh học	Preserving biodiversity ensures ecological balance.
39	climate change	/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ – /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/	noun	biến đổi khí hậu	Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity.
40	habitat	/ˈhæbɪtæt/ – /ˈhæbɪtæt/	noun	môi trường sống	Many animals are losing their natural habitat due to urbanization.
41	erosion	/ɪˈrəʊʒn/ – /ɪˈroʊʒn/	noun	xói mòn	Soil erosion is a major environmental concern in agriculture.
42	contamination	/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/ – /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/	noun	sự ô nhiễm	Water contamination can lead to severe health issues.
43	fossil fuel	/ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/ – /ˈfɑːsl fjuːəl/	noun	nhiên liệu hóa thạch	Burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions.
44	greenhouse effect	/ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˌfekt/ – /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˌfekt/	noun	hiệu ứng nhà kính	The greenhouse effect contributes to global warming.
45	waste management	/weɪst ˈmænɪdʒmənt/	noun	quản lý chất thải	Proper waste management reduces environmental impact.
46	recycle	/ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ – /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/	verb	tái chế	People should recycle plastic bottles to reduce waste.
47	sustainability	/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ – /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/	noun	tính bền vững	Companies are focusing on sustainability in their production processes.
48	renewal	/rɪˈnjuːəl/ – /rɪˈnuːəl/	noun	sự tái sinh	Forest renewal projects help restore ecosystems.
49	landfill	/ˈlændfɪl/ – /ˈlændfɪl/	noun	bãi rác	Most household waste ends up in landfills.
50	ozone layer	/ˈəʊzəʊn ˌleɪə(r)/ – /ˈoʊzoʊn ˌleɪər/	noun	tầng ozon	The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV rays.
51	deplete	/dɪˈpliːt/ – /dɪˈpliːt/	verb	cạn kiệt	Overfishing has depleted the world’s fish stocks.
52	endangered	/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ – /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/	adjective	bị đe dọa	Pandas are classified as an endangered species.
53	extinction	/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ – /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/	noun	sự tuyệt chủng	Many animals face extinction due to habitat loss.
54	preservation	/ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/ – /ˌprezərˈveɪʃn/	noun	sự bảo tồn	Cultural and environmental preservation is essential.
55	eco-friendly	/ˌiːkəʊ ˈfrendli/ – /ˌiːkoʊ ˈfrendli/	adjective	thân thiện môi trường	Using eco-friendly bags can reduce plastic waste.
56	afforestation	/əˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ – /əˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/	noun	trồng rừng	Afforestation helps combat desertification.
57	carbon footprint	/ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ – /ˌkɑːrbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/	noun	lượng khí thải carbon	Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by cycling to work.
58	renewable resource	/rɪˈnjuːəbl rɪˈsɔːs/ – /rɪˈnuːəbl rɪˈsɔːrs/	noun	tài nguyên tái tạo	Wind is a renewable resource of energy.
59	environmentalist	/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ – /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/	noun	nhà môi trường học	Environmentalists campaign against deforestation.
60	eco-tourism	/ˈiːkəʊ ˌtʊərɪzəm/ – /ˈiːkoʊ ˌtʊrɪzəm/	noun	du lịch sinh thái	Eco-tourism promotes conservation and benefits local communities.

Technology Vocabulary

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
61	innovation	/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ – /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/	noun	sự đổi mới	Technological innovation has transformed communication.
62	automation	/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/ – /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/	noun	sự tự động hóa	Automation reduces the need for manual labor.
63	artificial intelligence	/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ – /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/	noun	trí tuệ nhân tạo	Artificial intelligence is widely used in healthcare.
64	digital	/ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ – /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/	adjective	kỹ thuật số	The digital era has changed how we access information.
65	cyberspace	/ˈsaɪbəspeɪs/ – /ˈsaɪbərspeɪs/	noun	không gian mạng	Many crimes now occur in cyberspace.
66	innovation-driven	/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn ˌdrɪvn/	adjective	thúc đẩy bởi đổi mới	An innovation-driven economy relies on research and creativity.
67	device	/dɪˈvaɪs/ – /dɪˈvaɪs/	noun	thiết bị	Smartphones are essential devices for modern communication.
68	virtual reality	/ˌvɜːtʃuəl riˈæləti/ – /ˌvɜːrtʃuəl riˈæləti/	noun	thực tế ảo	Virtual reality offers immersive learning experiences.
69	augmented reality	/ɔːɡˌmentɪd riˈæləti/ – /ɑːɡˌmentɪd riˈæləti/	noun	thực tế tăng cường	Augmented reality apps are popular in education.
70	cloud computing	/klaʊd kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/	noun	điện toán đám mây	Many companies rely on cloud computing for data storage.
71	cybersecurity	/ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/ – /ˌsaɪbərsɪˈkjʊrəti/	noun	an ninh mạng	Cybersecurity is crucial for protecting sensitive data.
72	innovation hub	/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn hʌb/	noun	trung tâm đổi mới	Silicon Valley is known as an innovation hub.
73	digital literacy	/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈlɪtərəsi/	noun	kỹ năng số	Schools should teach digital literacy from an early age.
74	software	/ˈsɒftweə(r)/ – /ˈsɔːftwer/	noun	phần mềm	The company developed new accounting software.
75	hardware	/ˈhɑːdweə(r)/ – /ˈhɑːrdwer/	noun	phần cứng	Faster hardware improves computer performance.
76	algorithm	/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ – /ˈælɡərɪðəm/	noun	thuật toán	Search engines use complex algorithms to rank websites.
77	data analysis	/ˈdeɪtə əˈnæləsɪs/ – /ˈdeɪtə əˈnæləsɪs/	noun	phân tích dữ liệu	Data analysis is essential in modern research.
78	information technology	/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn tekˈnɒlədʒi/ – /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn tekˈnɑːlədʒi/	noun	công nghệ thông tin	Careers in information technology are highly in demand.
79	robotics	/rəʊˈbɒtɪks/ – /roʊˈbɑːtɪks/	noun	ngành robot học	Robotics plays an important role in manufacturing.
80	biotechnology	/ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ – /ˌbaɪoʊtekˈnɑːlədʒi/	noun	công nghệ sinh học	Biotechnology has advanced medical treatments.
81	genetic engineering	/dʒəˌnetɪk ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ – /dʒəˌnetɪk ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ/	noun	công nghệ gen	Genetic engineering may solve food shortages.
82	nanotechnology	/ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/ – /ˌnænoʊtekˈnɑːlədʒi/	noun	công nghệ nano	Nanotechnology is used in medicine and electronics.
83	digital divide	/ˌdɪdʒɪtl dɪˈvaɪd/	noun	khoảng cách số	The digital divide exists between rich and poor countries.
84	streaming	/ˈstriːmɪŋ/	noun	phát trực tuyến	Online streaming services are replacing traditional TV.
85	e-commerce	/ˌiː ˈkɒmɜːs/ – /ˌiː ˈkɑːmɜːrs/	noun	thương mại điện tử	E-commerce has grown rapidly in the last decade.
86	automation system	/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn ˈsɪstəm/	noun	hệ thống tự động	Factories invest in automation systems to cut costs.
87	database	/ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/ – /ˈdeɪtəbeɪs/	noun	cơ sở dữ liệu	Researchers store information in a large database.
88	encryption	/ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/ – /ɪnˈkrɪpʃn/	noun	mã hóa	Banks use encryption to secure transactions.
89	wireless	/ˈwaɪələs/ – /ˈwaɪərləs/	adjective	không dây	Wireless technology allows internet access anywhere.
90	digitization	/ˌdɪdʒɪtaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ˌdɪdʒɪtəˈzeɪʃn/	noun	số hóa	Libraries are investing in digitization of old books.

Society Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
91	inequality	/ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/ – /ˌɪnɪˈkwɑːləti/	noun	bất bình đẳng	Social inequality is a pressing issue in many countries.
92	poverty	/ˈpɒvəti/ – /ˈpɑːvərti/	noun	nghèo đói	Education is a key solution to break the cycle of poverty.
93	migration	/maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ – /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/	noun	sự di cư	Rural-to-urban migration is common in developing nations.
94	urbanization	/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ˌɜːrbənəˈzeɪʃn/	noun	đô thị hóa	Rapid urbanization has created housing shortages.
95	multicultural	/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ – /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/	adjective	đa văn hóa	A multicultural society encourages tolerance and diversity.
96	demographic	/ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/ – /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/	adjective	thuộc về nhân khẩu học	Demographic changes affect labor markets worldwide.
97	infrastructure	/ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ – /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/	noun	cơ sở hạ tầng	Governments invest in infrastructure to boost the economy.
98	diversity	/daɪˈvɜːsəti/ – /daɪˈvɜːrsəti/	noun	sự đa dạng	Workplace diversity enhances creativity.
99	discrimination	/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ – /dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃn/	noun	sự phân biệt đối xử	Laws are designed to prevent racial discrimination.
100	censorship	/ˈsensəʃɪp/ – /ˈsensərʃɪp/	noun	kiểm duyệt	Media censorship restricts freedom of speech.
101	community service	/kəˈmjuːnəti ˈsɜːvɪs/	noun	dịch vụ cộng đồng	Students should engage in community service activities.
102	criminality	/ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti/ – /ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti/	noun	tình trạng tội phạm	Poverty often correlates with higher levels of criminality.
103	rehabilitation	/ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/ – /ˌriːhəˌbɪləˈteɪʃn/	noun	sự phục hồi	Prisons should focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
104	justice	/ˈdʒʌstɪs/ – /ˈdʒʌstɪs/	noun	công lý	Everyone deserves equal access to justice.
105	volunteerism	/ˌvɒlənˈtɪərɪzəm/ – /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪrɪzəm/	noun	hoạt động tình nguyện	Volunteerism helps communities grow stronger.
106	social welfare	/ˌsəʊʃl ˈwelfeə(r)/ – /ˌsoʊʃl ˈwelfer/	noun	phúc lợi xã hội	Governments provide social welfare to support the poor.
107	civic engagement	/ˌsɪvɪk ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/	noun	sự tham gia công dân	Voting is a key form of civic engagement.
108	public policy	/ˌpʌblɪk ˈpɒləsi/ – /ˌpʌblɪk ˈpɑːləsi/	noun	chính sách công	Effective public policy can reduce crime rates.
109	standard of living	/ˌstændəd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ/ – /ˌstændərd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ/	noun	mức sống	Economic growth improves the standard of living.
110	welfare system	/ˈwelfeə(r) ˌsɪstəm/ – /ˈwelfer ˌsɪstəm/	noun	hệ thống phúc lợi	A strong welfare system supports vulnerable groups.
111	inequity	/ɪnˈekwəti/ – /ɪnˈekwəti/	noun	sự không công bằng	Social inequity can cause unrest.
112	segregation	/ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ – /ˌseɡrɪˈɡeɪʃn/	noun	sự phân biệt	Racial segregation was common in the past.
113	human rights	/ˌhjuːmən ˈraɪts/	noun	nhân quyền	Freedom of speech is a basic human right.
114	social cohesion	/ˌsəʊʃl kəʊˈhiːʒn/ – /ˌsoʊʃl koʊˈhiːʒn/	noun	sự gắn kết xã hội	Sports can promote social cohesion among young people.
115	public opinion	/ˌpʌblɪk əˈpɪnjən/	noun	dư luận	Media strongly influences public opinion.
116	gender equality	/ˌdʒendər iˈkwɒləti/ – /ˌdʒendər iˈkwɑːləti/	noun	bình đẳng giới	Gender equality is still a challenge in many workplaces.
117	civil rights	/ˌsɪvl ˈraɪts/	noun	quyền công dân	The 1960s movement in the US fought for civil rights.
118	philanthropy	/fɪˈlænθrəpi/ – /fəˈlænθrəpi/	noun	hoạt động từ thiện	Billionaires often engage in philanthropy.
119	welfare dependency	/ˈwelfeə(r) dɪˈpendənsi/ – /ˈwelfer dɪˈpendənsi/	noun	sự phụ thuộc phúc lợi	Critics argue that welfare dependency discourages work.
120	grassroots movement	/ˌɡrɑːsˈruːts ˈmuːvmənt/	noun	phong trào quần chúng	Environmental protection often starts with grassroots movements.

Economy Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
121	inflation	/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/ – /ɪnˈfleɪʃn/	noun	lạm phát	High inflation reduces consumers’ purchasing power.
122	recession	/rɪˈseʃn/ – /rɪˈseʃn/	noun	suy thoái	The global recession affected millions of jobs.
123	prosperity	/prɒˈsperəti/ – /prɑːˈsperəti/	noun	sự thịnh vượng	Education is the key to national prosperity.
124	consumption	/kənˈsʌmpʃn/ – /kənˈsʌmpʃn/	noun	sự tiêu thụ	Over consumption of resources leads to scarcity.
125	investment	/ɪnˈvestmənt/ – /ɪnˈvestmənt/	noun	sự đầu tư	Foreign investment boosts economic growth.
126	subsidy	/ˈsʌbsədi/ – /ˈsʌbsədi/	noun	trợ cấp	Governments provide subsidies to support farmers.
127	budget	/ˈbʌdʒɪt/ – /ˈbʌdʒɪt/	noun	ngân sách	The government announced a new education budget.
128	monetary policy	/ˈmʌnɪtri ˈpɒləsi/ – /ˈmʌnəteri ˈpɑːləsi/	noun	chính sách tiền tệ	The central bank controls monetary policy.
129	fiscal policy	/ˈfɪskl ˈpɒləsi/ – /ˈfɪskl ˈpɑːləsi/	noun	chính sách tài khóa	Fiscal policy includes government spending and taxation.
130	unemployment	/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ – /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/	noun	thất nghiệp	Rising unemployment is a major concern during recessions.
131	labor force	/ˈleɪbə fɔːs/ – /ˈleɪbər fɔːrs/	noun	lực lượng lao động	The country’s labor force is becoming more skilled.
132	productivity	/ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ – /ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti/	noun	năng suất	Technology improves workers’ productivity.
133	output	/ˈaʊtpʊt/ – /ˈaʊtpʊt/	noun	sản lượng	Factory output increased by 20% this year.
134	tariff	/ˈtærɪf/ – /ˈtærɪf/	noun	thuế quan	The government imposed a tariff on imported goods.
135	trade deficit	/treɪd ˈdefɪsɪt/	noun	thâm hụt thương mại	The country is facing a growing trade deficit.
136	gross domestic product (GDP)	/ˌɡrəʊs dəˌmestɪk ˈprɒdʌkt/ – /ˌɡroʊs dəˌmestɪk ˈprɑːdʌkt/	noun	tổng sản phẩm quốc nội	GDP is often used to measure a nation’s economy.
137	income disparity	/ˈɪnkʌm dɪˈspærəti/	noun	chênh lệch thu nhập	Income disparity is increasing between rich and poor.
138	globalization	/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ˌɡloʊbələˈzeɪʃn/	noun	toàn cầu hóa	Globalization has connected markets worldwide.
139	outsourcing	/ˈaʊtsɔːsɪŋ/ – /ˈaʊtsɔːrsɪŋ/	noun	thuê ngoài	Many companies use outsourcing to cut costs.
140	merger	/ˈmɜːdʒə(r)/ – /ˈmɜːrdʒər/	noun	sự sáp nhập	The two banks completed a merger last year.
141	acquisition	/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ – /ˌækwəˈzɪʃn/	noun	sự thâu tóm	The company’s acquisition expanded its market.
142	entrepreneurship	/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜːʃɪp/ – /ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːrʃɪp/	noun	tinh thần khởi nghiệp	Entrepreneurship drives economic development.
143	microfinance	/ˈmaɪkrəʊfaɪnæns/ – /ˈmaɪkroʊfaɪnæns/	noun	tài chính vi mô	Microfinance helps small businesses grow.
144	remittance	/rɪˈmɪtns/ – /rɪˈmɪtns/	noun	kiều hối	Migrant workers send remittances to their families.
145	austerity	/ɒˈsterəti/ – /ɔːˈsterəti/	noun	chính sách khắc khổ	Governments introduced austerity measures to reduce debt.
146	privatization	/ˌpraɪvətaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ˌpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃn/	noun	tư nhân hóa	Privatization of industries can increase efficiency.
147	industrialization	/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ɪnˌdʌstriələˈzeɪʃn/	noun	công nghiệp hóa	Rapid industrialization transformed the economy.
148	foreign exchange	/ˌfɒrən ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ – /ˌfɔːrən ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/	noun	ngoại hối	The bank deals with foreign exchange transactions.
149	interest rate	/ˈɪntrəst reɪt/	noun	lãi suất	The central bank raised interest rates last month.
150	debt crisis	/det ˈkraɪsɪs/	noun	khủng hoảng nợ	The country suffered a debt crisis in the 1990s.

Health Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
151	epidemic	/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/ – /ˌepɪˈdemɪk/	noun	dịch bệnh	The flu epidemic spread rapidly across the city.
152	pandemic	/pænˈdemɪk/ – /pænˈdemɪk/	noun	đại dịch	COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic.
153	vaccination	/ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃn/ – /ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃn/	noun	tiêm chủng	Childhood vaccination prevents many diseases.
154	immunity	/ɪˈmjuːnəti/ – /ɪˈmjuːnəti/	noun	miễn dịch	Good nutrition boosts the body’s immunity.
155	malnutrition	/ˌmælnjuˈtrɪʃn/ – /ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃn/	noun	suy dinh dưỡng	Malnutrition is common in developing countries.
156	obesity	/əʊˈbiːsəti/ – /oʊˈbiːsəti/	noun	béo phì	Childhood obesity is on the rise globally.
157	sedentary	/ˈsedntri/ – /ˈsednteri/	adjective	ít vận động	A sedentary lifestyle increases health risks.
158	addiction	/əˈdɪkʃn/ – /əˈdɪkʃn/	noun	nghiện ngập	Internet addiction affects young people’s studies.
159	rehabilitation	/ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/ – /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃn/	noun	phục hồi chức năng	He is undergoing rehabilitation after surgery.
160	therapy	/ˈθerəpi/ – /ˈθerəpi/	noun	liệu pháp	Physical therapy helps patients recover mobility.
161	diagnosis	/ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ – /ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs/	noun	chẩn đoán	Early diagnosis improves chances of recovery.
162	treatment	/ˈtriːtmənt/ – /ˈtriːtmənt/	noun	điều trị	Cancer treatment can be very expensive.
163	preventive	/prɪˈventɪv/ – /prɪˈventɪv/	adjective	phòng ngừa	Governments should invest in preventive healthcare.
164	hygiene	/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/ – /ˈhaɪdʒiːn/	noun	vệ sinh	Proper hand hygiene reduces infection risk.
165	contagious	/kənˈteɪdʒəs/ – /kənˈteɪdʒəs/	adjective	dễ lây lan	The flu is highly contagious.
166	symptom	/ˈsɪmptəm/ – /ˈsɪmptəm/	noun	triệu chứng	Fever is a common symptom of infection.
167	chronic	/ˈkrɒnɪk/ – /ˈkrɑːnɪk/	adjective	mãn tính	She suffers from chronic back pain.
168	mental health	/ˈmentl helθ/	noun	sức khỏe tâm thần	Stress negatively affects mental health.
169	depression	/dɪˈpreʃn/ – /dɪˈpreʃn/	noun	trầm cảm	Depression is a serious mental illness.
170	anxiety	/æŋˈzaɪəti/ – /æŋˈzaɪəti/	noun	lo âu	Many students experience anxiety before exams.
171	stress management	/stres ˈmænɪdʒmənt/	noun	quản lý căng thẳng	Exercise helps with stress management.
172	well-being	/ˈwel biːɪŋ/	noun	hạnh phúc, khỏe mạnh	Work-life balance improves overall well-being.
173	life expectancy	/laɪf ɪkˈspektənsi/	noun	tuổi thọ	Japan has one of the highest life expectancies.
174	mortality rate	/mɔːˈtæləti reɪt/ – /mɔːrˈtæləti reɪt/	noun	tỷ lệ tử vong	The mortality rate from smoking is high.
175	public health	/ˌpʌblɪk ˈhelθ/	noun	y tế công cộng	Vaccination programs improve public health.
176	healthcare system	/ˈhelθkeə ˌsɪstəm/ – /ˈhelθker ˌsɪstəm/	noun	hệ thống y tế	The healthcare system is underfunded.
177	pharmaceutical	/ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkl/ – /ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪkl/	adjective	dược phẩm	Pharmaceutical companies invest in research.
178	nutrient	/ˈnjuːtriənt/ – /ˈnuːtriənt/	noun	chất dinh dưỡng	Fruits are rich in essential nutrients.
179	balanced diet	/ˌbælənst ˈdaɪət/	noun	chế độ ăn cân bằng	A balanced diet improves overall health.
180	alternative medicine	/ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv ˈmedsn/ – /ɔːlˈtɝːnətɪv ˈmedɪsɪn/	noun	y học thay thế	Some people prefer alternative medicine to drugs.

Culture Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ (IELTS context)
181	heritage	/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ – /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/	noun	di sản	UNESCO protects world cultural heritage sites.
182	tradition	/trəˈdɪʃn/ – /trəˈdɪʃn/	noun	truyền thống	The festival is a long-standing tradition in the village.
183	ritual	/ˈrɪtʃuəl/ – /ˈrɪtʃuəl/	noun	nghi lễ	Wedding rituals vary across cultures.
184	custom	/ˈkʌstəm/ – /ˈkʌstəm/	noun	phong tục	Removing shoes indoors is a common custom in Asia.
185	belief system	/bɪˈliːf ˌsɪstəm/	noun	hệ thống tín ngưỡng	Every society has its own belief system.
186	mythology	/mɪˈθɒlədʒi/ – /mɪˈθɑːlədʒi/	noun	thần thoại	Greek mythology influences Western literature.
187	folklore	/ˈfəʊklɔː(r)/ – /ˈfoʊklɔːr/	noun	văn hóa dân gian	Vietnamese folklore includes legends and fairy tales.
188	aesthetic	/iːsˈθetɪk/ – /esˈθetɪk/	adjective	thẩm mỹ	The temple is admired for its aesthetic beauty.
189	symbolism	/ˈsɪmbəlɪzəm/ – /ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm/	noun	biểu tượng	The dove is a common symbolism of peace.
190	diversity	/daɪˈvɜːsəti/ – /daɪˈvɜːrsəti/	noun	sự đa dạng	Cultural diversity enriches societies.
191	identity	/aɪˈdentəti/ – /aɪˈdentəti/	noun	bản sắc	Language is an important part of cultural identity.
192	assimilation	/əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ – /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/	noun	sự đồng hóa	Immigrants face pressure of cultural assimilation.
193	multiculturalism	/ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəlɪzəm/ – /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəlɪzəm/	noun	đa văn hóa	Multiculturalism promotes tolerance and understanding.
194	homogeneity	/ˌhəʊməʊdʒəˈniːəti/ – /ˌhoʊmoʊdʒəˈniːəti/	noun	tính đồng nhất	The region is known for cultural homogeneity.
195	hybridity	/haɪˈbrɪdəti/ – /haɪˈbrɪdəti/	noun	sự lai tạp	Modern music often shows cultural hybridity.
196	patriarchy	/ˈpeɪtriɑːki/ – /ˈpeɪtriɑːrki/	noun	chế độ gia trưởng	Some cultures are strongly influenced by patriarchy.
197	matriarchy	/ˈmeɪtriɑːki/ – /ˈmeɪtriɑːrki/	noun	chế độ mẫu hệ	In a matriarchy, women hold primary power.
198	subculture	/ˈsʌbkʌltʃə(r)/ – /ˈsʌbkʌltʃər/	noun	tiểu văn hóa	Punk is considered a youth subculture.
199	mainstream culture	/ˈmeɪnstriːm ˈkʌltʃə(r)/	noun	văn hóa chủ đạo	K-pop has entered mainstream culture globally.
200	cultural exchange	/ˈkʌltʃərəl ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/	noun	giao lưu văn hóa	Student programs encourage cultural exchange.
201	global heritage	/ˈɡləʊbl ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ – /ˈɡloʊbl ˈherɪtɪdʒ/	noun	di sản toàn cầu	Protecting global heritage is a shared duty.
202	literacy	/ˈlɪtərəsi/ – /ˈlɪtərəsi/	noun	sự biết chữ	High literacy rates improve cultural development.
203	orality	/ɔːˈræləti/ – /ɔːˈræləti/	noun	văn hóa truyền miệng	Orality is vital in preserving folk traditions.
204	cultural lag	/ˈkʌltʃərəl læɡ/	noun	độ trễ văn hóa	Technology can cause cultural lag in societies.
205	ethnicity	/eθˈnɪsəti/ – /eθˈnɪsəti/	noun	sắc tộc	The city has people of many ethnicities.
206	indigenous culture	/ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs ˈkʌltʃə(r)/	noun	văn hóa bản địa	Tourism should respect indigenous culture.
207	oral tradition	/ˈɔːrəl trəˈdɪʃn/	noun	truyền thống truyền miệng	Folktales are preserved through oral tradition.
208	performing arts	/pəˈfɔːmɪŋ ɑːts/ – /pərˈfɔːrmɪŋ ɑːrts/	noun	nghệ thuật biểu diễn	Performing arts festivals attract many tourists.
209	visual arts	/ˈvɪʒuəl ɑːts/ – /ˈvɪʒuəl ɑːrts/	noun	nghệ thuật thị giác	Museums often exhibit visual arts collections.
210	cultural preservation	/ˈkʌltʃərəl ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/	noun	bảo tồn văn hóa	Governments should support cultural preservation projects.

Politics Vocabulary

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ (IELTS context)
211	democracy	/dɪˈmɒkrəsi/ – /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/	noun	dân chủ	Free elections are vital in a democracy.
212	dictatorship	/dɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp/ – /dɪkˈteɪtərʃɪp/	noun	chế độ độc tài	Citizens have limited freedom under a dictatorship.
213	monarchy	/ˈmɒnəki/ – /ˈmɑːnərki/	noun	chế độ quân chủ	The UK is a constitutional monarchy.
214	republic	/rɪˈpʌblɪk/ – /rɪˈpʌblɪk/	noun	nước cộng hòa	France is a republic with an elected president.
215	legislation	/ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/ – /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn/	noun	pháp luật	New legislation protects workers’ rights.
216	policy	/ˈpɒləsi/ – /ˈpɑːləsi/	noun	chính sách	The government announced a new health policy.
217	governance	/ˈɡʌvənəns/ – /ˈɡʌvərnəns/	noun	quản trị	Good governance ensures transparency and fairness.
218	bureaucracy	/bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi/ – /bjʊˈrɑːkrəsi/	noun	bộ máy quan liêu	Excessive bureaucracy slows down reforms.
219	sovereignty	/ˈsɒvrənti/ – /ˈsɑːvrənti/	noun	chủ quyền	Nations defend their sovereignty at all costs.
220	diplomacy	/dɪˈpləʊməsi/ – /dɪˈploʊməsi/	noun	ngoại giao	Diplomacy is key to resolving conflicts peacefully.
221	sanction	/ˈsæŋkʃn/ – /ˈsæŋkʃn/	noun	lệnh trừng phạt	The UN imposed economic sanctions on the country.
222	treaty	/ˈtriːti/ – /ˈtriːti/	noun	hiệp ước	The two nations signed a peace treaty.
223	alliance	/əˈlaɪəns/ – /əˈlaɪəns/	noun	liên minh	NATO is a military alliance.
224	coalition	/ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃn/ – /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃn/	noun	liên minh chính trị	The parties formed a coalition government.
225	parliament	/ˈpɑːləmənt/ – /ˈpɑːrləmənt/	noun	nghị viện	Laws are debated and passed in parliament.
226	congress	/ˈkɒŋɡres/ – /ˈkɑːŋɡres/	noun	quốc hội	The US Congress passed a new tax reform.
227	senate	/ˈsenət/ – /ˈsenət/	noun	thượng viện	The Senate approved the bill.
228	cabinet	/ˈkæbɪnət/ – /ˈkæbɪnət/	noun	nội các	The prime minister reshuffled his cabinet.
229	ideology	/ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/ – /ˌaɪdiˈɑːlədʒi/	noun	hệ tư tưởng	Political ideology influences voting behavior.
230	campaign	/kæmˈpeɪn/ – /kæmˈpeɪn/	noun	chiến dịch	He launched a campaign for environmental protection.
231	election	/ɪˈlekʃn/ – /ɪˈlekʃn/	noun	cuộc bầu cử	The presidential election takes place every four years.
232	ballot	/ˈbælət/ – /ˈbælət/	noun	lá phiếu	Voters cast their ballots in secret.
233	referendum	/ˌrefəˈrendəm/ – /ˌrefəˈrendəm/	noun	trưng cầu dân ý	Citizens voted in a referendum on independence.
234	propaganda	/ˌprɒpəˈɡændə/ – /ˌprɑːpəˈɡændə/	noun	tuyên truyền	The regime spread political propaganda.
235	opposition	/ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/ – /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃn/	noun	phe đối lập	The opposition criticized government policies.
236	censorship	/ˈsensəʃɪp/ – /ˈsensərʃɪp/	noun	kiểm duyệt	Strict censorship limits freedom of speech.
237	activism	/ˈæktɪvɪzəm/ – /ˈæktɪvɪzəm/	noun	hoạt động xã hội	Youth activism plays a big role in politics.
238	authoritarian	/ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/ – /əˌθɔːrəˈteriən/	adjective	độc đoán	The country is ruled by an authoritarian regime.
239	civil rights	/ˌsɪvl ˈraɪts/	noun	quyền công dân	The movement fought for civil rights.
240	political stability	/pəˈlɪtɪkl stəˈbɪləti/	noun	ổn định chính trị	Economic growth depends on political stability.

Science Vocabulary

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
241	experiment	/ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ – /ɪkˈsperəmənt/	noun	thí nghiệm	The scientist conducted an experiment to test the theory.
242	hypothesis	/haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ – /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/	noun	giả thuyết	The hypothesis was later proven correct.
243	theory	/ˈθɪəri/ – /ˈθɪri/	noun	lý thuyết	Darwin’s theory of evolution changed science forever.
244	innovation	/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ – /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/	noun	đổi mới	Scientific innovation drives economic growth.
245	discovery	/dɪˈskʌvəri/ – /dɪˈskʌvəri/	noun	khám phá	The discovery of penicillin saved millions of lives.
246	invention	/ɪnˈvenʃn/ – /ɪnˈvenʃn/	noun	phát minh	The light bulb is a famous invention.
247	laboratory	/ləˈbɒrətri/ – /ˈlæbrətɔːri/	noun	phòng thí nghiệm	The vaccine was tested in the laboratory.
248	microscope	/ˈmaɪkrəskəʊp/ – /ˈmaɪkrəskoʊp/	noun	kính hiển vi	Cells are studied under a microscope.
249	specimen	/ˈspesɪmən/ – /ˈspesəmən/	noun	mẫu vật	The museum displays dinosaur specimens.
250	data	/ˈdeɪtə/ or /ˈdætə/	noun	dữ liệu	Researchers collected data from 500 participants.
251	analysis	/əˈnæləsɪs/ – /əˈnæləsɪs/	noun	phân tích	Statistical analysis confirmed the results.
252	evidence	/ˈevɪdəns/ – /ˈevɪdəns/	noun	bằng chứng	Strong evidence supports this medical treatment.
253	observation	/ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/ – /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃn/	noun	quan sát	Careful observation is essential in science.
254	variable	/ˈveəriəbl/ – /ˈveriəbl/	noun	biến số	Temperature is a key variable in the experiment.
255	constant	/ˈkɒnstənt/ – /ˈkɑːnstənt/	noun	hằng số	Gravity is a universal constant.
256	sample	/ˈsɑːmpl/ – /ˈsæmpl/	noun	mẫu thử	The sample size was too small for accuracy.
257	genetics	/dʒəˈnetɪks/ – /dʒəˈnetɪks/	noun	di truyền học	Advances in genetics help cure diseases.
258	molecule	/ˈmɒlɪkjuːl/ – /ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl/	noun	phân tử	Water is made up of two hydrogen molecules.
259	cell	/sel/	noun	tế bào	The human body consists of trillions of cells.
260	organism	/ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ – /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/	noun	sinh vật	Every organism adapts to its environment.
261	evolution	/ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ – /ˌevəˈluːʃn/	noun	tiến hóa	Evolution explains the diversity of species.
262	mutation	/mjuːˈteɪʃn/ – /mjuːˈteɪʃn/	noun	đột biến	A genetic mutation caused the disorder.
263	radiation	/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ – /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/	noun	phóng xạ	Prolonged radiation exposure is harmful.
264	gravity	/ˈɡrævəti/ – /ˈɡrævəti/	noun	trọng lực	Astronauts experience less gravity in space.
265	orbit	/ˈɔːbɪt/ – /ˈɔːrbɪt/	noun	quỹ đạo	Satellites move in Earth’s orbit.
266	astronomy	/əˈstrɒnəmi/ – /əˈstrɑːnəmi/	noun	thiên văn học	Astronomy helps us understand the universe.
267	physics	/ˈfɪzɪks/	noun	vật lý	Physics explains natural phenomena.
268	chemistry	/ˈkemɪstri/	noun	hóa học	Chemistry is essential for developing new materials.
269	biology	/baɪˈɒlədʒi/ – /baɪˈɑːlədʒi/	noun	sinh học	Biology covers topics from cells to ecosystems.
270	geology	/dʒiˈɒlədʒi/ – /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/	noun	địa chất học	Geology studies the structure of the Earth.

Law & Crime Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ
271	law	/lɔː/ – /lɔː/	noun	luật pháp	Everyone is equal under the law.
272	justice	/ˈdʒʌstɪs/ – /ˈdʒʌstɪs/	noun	công lý	Many believe the system fails to deliver true justice.
273	legislation	/ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃn/ – /ˌledʒɪˈsleɪʃn/	noun	pháp luật, luật ban hành	New legislation was introduced to protect consumers.
274	regulation	/ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ – /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃn/	noun	quy định	Environmental regulations are becoming stricter.
275	policy	/ˈpɒləsi/ – /ˈpɑːləsi/	noun	chính sách	The government introduced a new policy on education.
276	rights	/raɪts/	noun	quyền lợi	Human rights must be protected worldwide.
277	duty	/ˈdjuːti/ – /ˈduːti/	noun	nghĩa vụ	Citizens have a duty to obey the law.
278	crime	/kraɪm/	noun	tội phạm	Crime rates have fallen in the city.
279	criminal	/ˈkrɪmɪnl/	noun / adj	tội phạm / có tính tội phạm	The criminal was sentenced to ten years in prison.
280	offense	/əˈfens/ – /əˈfens/	noun	hành vi phạm tội	Speeding is a minor offense.
281	penalty	/ˈpenəlti/ – /ˈpenəlti/	noun	hình phạt	The company faced a heavy penalty for pollution.
282	fine	/faɪn/	noun	tiền phạt	He had to pay a fine for parking illegally.
283	imprisonment	/ɪmˈprɪznmənt/	noun	sự bỏ tù	The thief received two years’ imprisonment.
284	trial	/ˈtraɪəl/	noun	phiên tòa xét xử	The case went to trial last month.
285	court	/kɔːt/ – /kɔːrt/	noun	tòa án	The court ruled in favor of the victim.
286	judge	/dʒʌdʒ/	noun	thẩm phán	The judge declared the defendant guilty.
287	jury	/ˈdʒʊəri/ – /ˈdʒʊri/	noun	bồi thẩm đoàn	The jury reached a unanimous decision.
288	witness	/ˈwɪtnəs/	noun	nhân chứng	The witness testified in court.
289	evidence	/ˈevɪdəns/	noun	bằng chứng	There was not enough evidence to convict him.
290	testimony	/ˈtestɪməni/ – /ˈtestɪmoʊni/	noun	lời khai	Her testimony helped solve the case.
291	prosecution	/ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃn/ – /ˌprɑːsɪˈkjuːʃn/	noun	sự truy tố	The prosecution presented strong arguments.
292	defendant	/dɪˈfendənt/	noun	bị cáo	The defendant pleaded not guilty.
293	plaintiff	/ˈpleɪntɪf/	noun	nguyên đơn	The plaintiff demanded compensation.
294	appeal	/əˈpiːl/	noun	kháng cáo	The lawyer filed an appeal against the sentence.
295	sentence	/ˈsentəns/	noun	bản án	He received a five-year prison sentence.
296	verdict	/ˈvɜːdɪkt/ – /ˈvɜːrdɪkt/	noun	phán quyết	The jury announced their verdict.
297	arrest	/əˈrest/	verb	bắt giữ	The police arrested the suspect.
298	enforce	/ɪnˈfɔːs/ – /ɪnˈfɔːrs/	verb	thi hành (luật)	The government must enforce traffic regulations.
299	ban	/bæn/	verb / noun	cấm / lệnh cấm	The city has banned smoking in public places.
300	restriction	/rɪˈstrɪkʃn/	noun	sự hạn chế	There are strict restrictions on gun ownership.

Business & Economics Advanced Vocabulary 

STT	Từ vựng	Phiên âm (UK/US)	Từ loại	Nghĩa tiếng Việt	Ví dụ (IELTS context)
301	entrepreneur	/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ – /ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr/	noun	doanh nhân khởi nghiệp	Many young entrepreneurs start online businesses.
302	start-up	/ˈstɑːt ʌp/ – /ˈstɑːrt ʌp/	noun	công ty khởi nghiệp	The government supports tech start-ups with funding.
303	merger	/ˈmɜːdʒə(r)/ – /ˈmɜːrdʒər/	noun	sự sáp nhập	The merger of the two firms created a giant corporation.
304	acquisition	/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ – /ˌækwəˈzɪʃn/	noun	sự mua lại	Facebook’s acquisition of Instagram was strategic.
305	investment	/ɪnˈvestmənt/ – /ɪnˈvestmənt/	noun	sự đầu tư	Foreign investment boosts economic growth.
306	dividend	/ˈdɪvɪdend/ – /ˈdɪvɪdend/	noun	cổ tức	Shareholders received high dividends this year.
307	revenue	/ˈrevənjuː/ – /ˈrevənuː/	noun	doanh thu	Tourism is a major source of revenue.
308	profit margin	/ˈprɒfɪt mɑːdʒɪn/ – /ˈprɑːfɪt mɑːrdʒɪn/	noun	tỉ suất lợi nhuận	The company improved its profit margin by cutting costs.
309	bankruptcy	/ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/ – /ˈbæŋkrəptsi/	noun	phá sản	Many small firms face bankruptcy during recessions.
310	inflation	/ɪnˈfleɪʃn/	noun	lạm phát	Rising inflation reduces consumers’ purchasing power.
311	deflation	/ˌdiːˈfleɪʃn/	noun	giảm phát	Prolonged deflation can damage the economy.
312	recession	/rɪˈseʃn/	noun	suy thoái	The global recession hit developing countries hard.
313	boom	/buːm/	noun	sự bùng nổ kinh tế	The IT sector experienced a huge boom.
314	subsidy	/ˈsʌbsədi/	noun	trợ cấp	Farmers receive subsidies to stabilize food prices.
315	tariff	/ˈtærɪf/	noun	thuế quan	High tariffs discourage international trade.
316	monopoly	/məˈnɒpəli/ – /məˈnɑːpəli/	noun	độc quyền	Microsoft once held a monopoly in PC software.
317	competition	/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ – /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃn/	noun	cạnh tranh	Healthy competition benefits consumers.
318	productivity	/ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ – /ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti/	noun	năng suất	Higher productivity leads to greater output.
319	efficiency	/ɪˈfɪʃnsi/	noun	hiệu quả	Technology improves work efficiency.
320	consumption	/kənˈsʌmpʃn/	noun	sự tiêu thụ	Energy consumption is rising rapidly.
321	output	/ˈaʊtpʊt/	noun	sản lượng	Factory output increased by 20%.
322	import	/ˈɪmpɔːt/ – /ˈɪmpɔːrt/	noun	nhập khẩu	The country relies heavily on oil imports.
323	export	/ˈekspɔːt/ – /ˈekspɔːrt/	noun	xuất khẩu	Rice is one of Vietnam’s main exports.
324	trade balance	/treɪd ˈbæləns/	noun	cán cân thương mại	The country has a positive trade balance.
325	currency	/ˈkʌrənsi/	noun	tiền tệ	The US dollar is the world’s most traded currency.
326	devaluation	/ˌdiːvæljuˈeɪʃn/	noun	sự mất giá (tiền tệ)	The devaluation of the currency hurt imports.
327	capitalism	/ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/	noun	chủ nghĩa tư bản	Critics argue capitalism widens the wealth gap.
328	socialism	/ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ – /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/	noun	chủ nghĩa xã hội	Socialism emphasizes state control of industries.
329	globalization	/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ – /ˌɡloʊbələˈzeɪʃn/	noun	toàn cầu hóa	Globalization connects markets and cultures.
330	sustainability	/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/	noun	tính bền vững	Sustainability is a key goal for modern businesses.

Kết luận

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